Difference between revisions of "Endive"
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==Harvesting and Handling== | ==Harvesting and Handling== | ||
Endive has two forms, a narrow leafed endive called curly endive that resembles Dandelion leaves, and a broad leafed endive called escarole. The outer leaves of endive are dark green and bitter. The inner leaves are light green to creamy-white and milder in flavour. Endive is grown and handled like leaf lettuces. | Endive has two forms, a narrow leafed endive called curly endive that resembles Dandelion leaves, and a broad leafed endive called escarole. The outer leaves of endive are dark green and bitter. The inner leaves are light green to creamy-white and milder in flavour. Endive is grown and handled like leaf lettuces. | ||
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| − | The leafy heads should be kept clean of soil and mud. The leavers should have a spicy and mildly bitter taste. Toughness and a strong bitter taster develop if harvest is delayed and the crop becomes over-mature. The product than becomes unmarketable. | + | The leafy heads should be kept clean of soil and mud. The leavers should have a spicy and mildly bitter taste. Toughness and a strong bitter taster develop if harvest is delayed and the crop becomes over-mature. The product than becomes unmarketable. High quality endive heads should be clean, free of browning, crisp and bright green. Young, tender leaves are preferred over tough, older leaves. |
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| − | High quality endive heads should be clean, free of browning, crisp and bright green. Young, tender leaves are preferred over tough, older leaves. | ||
==Cooling and Storage== | ==Cooling and Storage== | ||
Recommended conditions for commercial storage of endive and escarole are 0°C with 95% to 100% RH. They are not adopted to prolonged storage and will not keep longer than 2 to 3 weeks even at the optimal storage temperature of 0°C, and about half that time at 5°C. Proper RH is essential to prevent wilting. | Recommended conditions for commercial storage of endive and escarole are 0°C with 95% to 100% RH. They are not adopted to prolonged storage and will not keep longer than 2 to 3 weeks even at the optimal storage temperature of 0°C, and about half that time at 5°C. Proper RH is essential to prevent wilting. | ||
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| − | Endive and escarole are often shipped in mixed loads with other produce since most orders for these products are less than truckload lots. | + | Endive and escarole are often shipped in mixed loads with other produce since most orders for these products are less than truckload lots. Endive and escarole are not chilling sensitive, but freezing at -0,1°C must be avoided. |
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| − | Endive and escarole are not chilling sensitive, but freezing at -0,1°C must be avoided. | ||
==Controlled atmosphere considerations== | ==Controlled atmosphere considerations== | ||
| − | There is some evidence that low oxygen is a benefit to storage life. Therefore CA might be of some benefit. High humidity storage will give best benefit. | + | There is some evidence that low oxygen is a benefit to storage life. Therefore CA might be of some benefit. High humidity storage will give best benefit. Ethylene production is very low, but exposure can result in leaf yellowing. |
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| − | Ethylene production is very low, but exposure can result in leaf yellowing. | ||
==Storage disorders== | ==Storage disorders== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:16, 8 April 2012
| Infobox on Endive | |
|---|---|
| Example of Endive |  |
| Freshness facts | |
| Optimum carrying temperature | 0°C |
| Highest freezing point | -0,1°C |
| Acceptable product temp. at loading into containers | Max. 2°C above carrying temperature |
| Optimum humidity | 95%-100% |
| Ventilation setting for containers | 10 m³/hr |
| Storage life | 1 to 2 weeks |
| Climacteric / non-climacteric | Non-climacteric |
| Ethylene production | Low |
| Ethylene sensitivity | Low |
| Modified / controlled atmosphere | 3% - 5% O2; up to 10% CO2 is tolerable |
| Potential benefits | Slight |
| Availability | |
| On demand | |
Endive
Contents
Harvesting and Handling
Endive has two forms, a narrow leafed endive called curly endive that resembles Dandelion leaves, and a broad leafed endive called escarole. The outer leaves of endive are dark green and bitter. The inner leaves are light green to creamy-white and milder in flavour. Endive is grown and handled like leaf lettuces.
The leafy heads should be kept clean of soil and mud. The leavers should have a spicy and mildly bitter taste. Toughness and a strong bitter taster develop if harvest is delayed and the crop becomes over-mature. The product than becomes unmarketable. High quality endive heads should be clean, free of browning, crisp and bright green. Young, tender leaves are preferred over tough, older leaves.
Cooling and Storage
Recommended conditions for commercial storage of endive and escarole are 0°C with 95% to 100% RH. They are not adopted to prolonged storage and will not keep longer than 2 to 3 weeks even at the optimal storage temperature of 0°C, and about half that time at 5°C. Proper RH is essential to prevent wilting.
Endive and escarole are often shipped in mixed loads with other produce since most orders for these products are less than truckload lots. Endive and escarole are not chilling sensitive, but freezing at -0,1°C must be avoided.
Controlled atmosphere considerations
There is some evidence that low oxygen is a benefit to storage life. Therefore CA might be of some benefit. High humidity storage will give best benefit. Ethylene production is very low, but exposure can result in leaf yellowing.
Storage disorders
Alternaria spot, Anthracnose, Bacterial rots, Downy mildew, Grey mould rot, Powdery mildew.