Terms and abbreviations

Terms

Term Definition Source A1 and A2 A1 shall mean the activity value of special form radioactive material that is listed in Table 2 or derived in Section IV and is used to determine the activity limits for the requirements of these Regulations. A2 shall mean the activity value of radioactive material, other than special form radioactive material, that is listed in Table 2 or derived in Section IV and is used to determine the activity limits for the requirements of these Regulations. IAEA Accompanied combined transport Transport of a complete road vehicle, accompanied by the driver, using another mode of transport (for example ferry or train). UNECE Actual carrier A third party who performs the carriage completely or partly. UNECE Air container Container conforming to standards laid down for air transportation UNECE Aircraft Cargo Aircraft shall mean any aircraft, other than a passenger aircraft, that is carrying goods or property. IAEA Passenger aircraft shall mean an aircraft that carries any person other than a crew member, a carrier’s employee in an official capacity, an authorized representative of an appropriate national authority, or a person accompanying a consignment or other cargo. Approval Multilateral approval shall mean approval by the relevant competent authority of the country of origin of the design or shipment, as applicable, and also, where the consignment is to be transported through or into any other country, approval by the competent authority of that country. IAEA Unilateral approval shall mean an approval of a design that is required to be given by the competent authority of the country of origin of the design only. Articulated trailer A motor vehicle coupled to a semi-trailer. UNECE Articulated vehicle means any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and so attached that part of the trailer is superimposed upon the motor vehicle and a substantial part of the mass of the trailer and its load is borne by the motor vehicle. Such a trailer shall be called a semi trailer. ILO Barge a non-seagoing watercraft used on inland or protected coastal waters: ILO Basket wagon A rail wagon with a demountable subframe, fitted with devices for vertical handling, to allow the loading and unloading of semi-trailers or road vehicles UNECE Big Bag A removable internal liner, strong enough to be lifted and to carry bulk cargoes of different types. UNECE Bimodal semi-trailer (rail – road) A road semi-trailer that can be converted into a rail wagon by the addition of rail bogies UNECE Block train a number of permanently coupled railway wagons, normally running directly between two selected terminals or entities without shunting; ILO Box Another (less formal) name for a shipping container. This is how they are often referred to in the industry. ILO Break-bulk loose cargo, such as cartons, stowed directly in the ship's hold as opposed to containerized or bulk cargo. The volume of break bulk cargo has declined dramatically worldwide as containerization has grown. ILO B-Train two trailers linked together by a fifth wheel, and are up to 26 m (85 ft) long. The fifth wheel coupling is located at the rear of the lead, or first trailer and is mounted on a "tail" section commonly located immediately above the lead trailer axles. ILO Bulk Cargo commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities. These cargos are usually dropped or poured as a liquid or solid, into a bulk carrier's hold. Examples of bulk cargo are grain, seed, and coal and iron ore. ILO Bulk cargoes cargoes which are intended to be transported without any intermediate form of containment in bulk packagings or portable tanks IMO Cargo any goods, wares, merchandise and articles of any kind which are intended to be transported; ILO Cargo transport unit (CTU) a freight container, swap-body, vehicle, railway wagon or any other similar unit; see also Intermodal Transport Unit (ITU) ILO Cargo transport unit (CTU) a freight container, swap-body, vehicle, railway wagon or any other similar unit; IMO Carrier Carrier shall mean any person, organization or government undertaking the carriage of radioactive material by any means of transport. The term includes both carriers for hire or reward (known as common or contract carriers in some countries) and carriers on own account (known as private carriers in some countries). IAEA Carrier See Transport operator UNECE Carrier Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. ILO Carrier Carrier shall mean any person, organization or government undertaking the carriage of radioactive material by any means of transport. The term includes both carriers for hire or reward (known as common or contract carriers in some countries) and carriers on own account (known as private carriers in some countries). IAEA Centre of Gravity (Abbr. CG) The point in or near a body at which the gravitational potential energy of the body is equal to that of a single particle of the same mass located at that point and through which the resultant of the gravitational forces on the component particles of the body acts. ILO Chassis See skeletal trailer ILO Close coupled trailer A close-coupled trailer is fitted with a rigid tow bar which projects from its front and hooks onto a hook on the tractor. It does not pivot as a full / drawbar trailer does ILO Combined transport Intermodal transport where the major part of the European journey is by rail, inland waterways or sea and any initial and/or final legs carried out by road are as short as possible UNECE Competent authority Competent authority shall mean any body or authority designated or otherwise recognized as such for any purpose in connection with these Regulations. IAEA Compliance assurance Compliance assurance shall mean a systematic programme of measures applied by a competent authority that is aimed at ensuring that the provisions of these Regulations are met in practice. IAEA Confinement system Confinement system shall mean the assembly of fissile material and packaging components specified by the designer and agreed to by the competent authority as intended to preserve criticality safety. IAEA Consignee Consignee shall mean any person, organization or government that is entitled to take delivery of a consignment. IAEA Consignee Person entitled to take delivery of the goods UNECE Consignee the party to whom the cargo is consigned or entrusted, is often used to define the party that will receive or bought the goods ILO Consignment Consignment shall mean any package or packages, or load of radioactive material, presented by a consignor for transport. IAEA Consignment Freight sent under a single contract of carriage UNECE Consignment Consignment shall mean any package or packages, or load of radioactive material, presented by a consignor for transport. IAEA Consignor Consignor shall mean any person, organization or government that prepares a consignment for transport. IAEA Consignor A person or company who puts goods in the care of others (forwarding agent/freight forwarder, carrier/transport operator) to be delivered to a consignee UNECE Consignor the party who has released or sold the goods ILO Consolidation See groupage Container Generic term for a box to carry freight, strong enough for repeated use, usually stackable and fitted with devices for transfer between modes. ILO Container Terminal a docking, unloading and loading area within a port designed to suit the sizes and needs of container ships. ILO Containment system Containment system shall mean the assembly of components of the packaging specified by the designer as intended to retain the radioactive material during transport. IAEA Contamination Contamination shall mean the presence of a radioactive substance on a surface in quantities in excess of 0.4 Bq/cm2 for beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.04 Bq/cm2 for all other alpha emitters. IAEA Non-fixed contamination shall mean contamination that can be removed from a surface during routine conditions of transport. Fixed contamination shall mean contamination other than non-fixed contamination. Conveyance Conveyance shall mean: IAEA For transport by road or rail: any vehicle;

(a) 	For transport by road or rail: any vehicle;	
(b) 	For transport by water: any vessel, or any hold, compartment, or defined deck area of a vessel;	
(c) 	For transport by air: any aircraft.	

Corner fitting Fixed points usually located at the top and bottom corners of a container into which twistlocks or other devices engage to enable the container to be lifted, stacked, secured. UNECE Crane Conventional lifting crane where the load is suspended by cable via a jib. UNECE Criticality safety index Criticality safety index (CSI) assigned to a package, overpack or freight container containing fissile material shall mean a number that is used to provide control over the accumulation of packages, overpacks or freight containers containing fissile material. IAEA Dangerous goods packaged dangerous, hazardous or harmful substances, materials or articles, including environmentally hazardous substances (marine pollutants) and wastes, covered by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code; the term dangerous cargoes includes any empty uncleaned packagings; ILO Deep Sea (service) maritime route between two or more major hub ports. Similar to liner service ILO Defined deck area Defined deck area shall mean the area of the weather deck of a vessel, or of a vehicle deck of a roll-on/roll-off ship or ferry, that is allocated for the stowage of radioactive material. IAEA Design Design shall mean the description of special form radioactive material, low dispersible radioactive material, package or packaging that enables such an item to be fully identified. The description may include specifications, engineering drawings, reports demonstrating compliance with regulatory requirements, and other relevant documentation. IAEA Door-to-door Through transportation of a container and its contents from consignor to consignee. Also known as House to House. Not necessarily a through rate. ILO Double stacked wagon A rail wagon designed for the transport of containers stacked on top of each other UNECE Drop Frame Trailer a form of intermodal transportation for portable bulk liquid containers or ISO tank containers. They are characteristically longer and have lower deck height ideal for transporting constantly shifting payloads. ILO Dry port Inland terminal which is directly linked to a maritime port. UNECE Exclusive use Exclusive use shall mean the sole use, by a single consignor, of a conveyance or of a large freight container, in respect of which all initial, intermediate and final loading and unloading and shipment are carried out in accordance with the directions of the consignor or consignee, where so required by these Regulations. IAEA Feeder service Short sea shipping service which connects at least two ports in order for the freight (generally containers) to be consolidated or redistributed to or from a deep-sea service in one of these ports. UNECE Feeder service Cargo to/from regional ports are transferred to/from a central hub port for a long–haul ocean voyage. ILO Feeder Vessel A short–sea vessel which transfers cargo between a central “hub” port and smaller “spoke” ports. ILO feu 'Forty-foot Equivalent Unit'. This is a container that is the same height and width as a TEU but twice the length. As a result, it has twice the capacity. ILO Fissile nuclides and fissile material Fissile nuclides shall mean uranium-233, uranium-235, plutonium-239 and plutonium-241. Fissile material shall mean a material containing any of the fissile nuclides in quantities exceeding a total of 0.25 g per package or per consignment if shipped unpackaged. Excluded from the definition of fissile material is any combination of the following: IAEA

(a)	Natural uranium or depleted uranium that is unirradiated;	
(b)	Natural uranium or depleted uranium that has been irradiated in thermal reactors only.	

These exclusions are only valid if there is no other material with fissile nuclides in the package. Forwarding agent See Freight forwarder UNECE Freeport Zone where goods can be manufactured and/or stored without payment of their relevant duties and taxes. UNECE Freight container an article of transport equipment that is of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use; it is designed to transport a number of receptacles, packages, unit loads or overpacks together from the packing point to its final destination by road, rail, inland waterway and/or sea without intermediate separate handling of each package, unit load or overpack; ILO Freight container Freight container shall mean an article of transport equipment that is of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use; specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or other modes of transport, without intermediate reloading, designed to be secured and/or readily handled, having fittings for these purposes. The term "freight container" does not include vehicle. IAEA Freight container - small, large 1 Freight container shall mean an article of transport equipment that is of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use; specially designed to facilitate the transport of goods, by one or other modes of transport, without intermediate reloading, designed to be secured and/or readily handled, having fittings for these purposes. The term "freight container" does not include vehicle. IAEA Freight container - small, large 2 A small freight container shall mean a freight container that has an internal volume of not more than 3 m3 . A large freight container shall mean a freight container that has an internal volume of more than 3 m3 . IAEA Freight forwarder Intermediary who arranges for the carriage of goods and/or associated services on behalf of a shipper. UNECE Freight forwarder a person or company that organises shipments for individuals or other companies and may also act as a carrier. A forwarder is often not active as a carrier and acts only as an agent, in other words as a third-party (non-asset-based) logistics provider that dispatches shipments via asset-based carriers and that books or otherwise arranges space for these shipments ILO Freight village See Logistics centre UNECE Full Trailer A full-trailer is a term for a trailer supported by front and rear axles and pulled by a drawbar. In Europe this is known as an A-Frame drawbar trailer. The full trailer may comprise of a semi trailer and a detachable dolly. ILO Fumigated container A closed cargo transport unit containing goods or materials that either are or have been fumigated within the unit. The fumigant gases used are either poisonous or asphyxiant. The gases are usually evolved from solid or liquid preparations distributed within the unit. ILO Gantry crane An overhead crane comprising a horizontal gantry mounted on legs which are either fixed, run in fixed tracks or on rubber tyres with relatively limited manoeuvre. The load can be moved horizontally, vertically and sideways UNECE Groupage The grouping together of several consignments into a full load Handling includes the operation of loading or unloading/discharging of a ship, railway wagon, vehicle or other means of transport; ILO Handling the operation of loading or unloading/discharging of a ship, railway wagon, vehicle or other means of transport IMO High cube container Container of standard ISO length and width but with a height of 9' 6" (2.9 m). UNECE Hub Central point for the collection, sorting, transhipment and distribution of goods for a particular area. UNECE Hub port a port that is the destination of liner service where containers are transhipped onto feeder services for maritime transport onto small container ports. ILO Intermediate bulk container Intermediate bulk container (IBC) shall mean a portable packaging that: IAEA

(a)	Has a capacity of not more than 3 m3;	
(b)	Is designed for mechanical handling;	
(c)	Is resistant to the stresses produced in handling and transport, as determined by tests.	

Intermodal refers to the movement of CTUs on all forms of surface transport modes (road, rail, short sea and liner service) without the need for adjustment or alteration to the CTU or transport mode. ILO Intermodal transport The movement of goods in one and the same loading unit or road vehicle, which uses successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods themselves in changing modes. UNECE Intermodal loading unit Containers, swap bodies and semi-trailers suitable for intermodal transport. UNECE Intermodal transport unit (ITU) a container, swap body or trailer suitable for intermodal transport; ILO Intermodality a system of transport whereby two or more modes of transport are used to transport the same loading unit or truck in an integrated manner, without loading or unloading, in a [door to door] transport chain Land container Container complying with International Railway Union (UIC) specifications, for use in rail-road combined transport. UNECE Lift on – lift off (LO-LO) Loading and unloading of intermodal transport units (ITU, see 4.1) using lifting equipment. UNECE Lift truck a truck equipped with devices such as arms, forks, clamps, hooks etc. to handle any kind of cargo, including cargo that is unitised, overpacked or packed in CTUs; ILO Limit of liability The maximum sum of money payable by a carrier to a shipper for any damage or loss to the cargo for which the carrier is liable under the contract of carriage. The amount of the limitation is determined by agreement or by law. UNECE Liner service maritime route between two or more major hub ports ILO Loading track Track on which ITUs are transhipped. UNECE Loading Unit Container or swap body. UNECE Logistic centre Geographical grouping of independent companies and bodies which are dealing with freight transport (for example, freight forwarders, shippers, transport operators, customs) and with accompanying services (for example, storage, maintenance and repair), including at least a terminal. UNECE Logistics The process of designing and managing the supply chain in the wider sense

The chain can extend from the delivery of supplies for manufacturing, through the management of materials at the plant, delivery to warehouses and distribution centres, sorting, handling, packaging and final distribution to point of consumption. UNECE LO-LO Lift on - lift off. Loading and unloading of ITU using lifting equipment ILO Low dispersible radioactive material Low dispersible radioactive material shall mean either a solid radioactive material or a solid radioactive material in a sealed capsule, that has limited dispersibility and is not in powder form. IAEA Low floor wagon A rail wagon with a low loading platform built to carry, inter alia, ITUs UNECE Low specific activity material Low specific activity (LSA) material shall mean radioactive material that by its nature has a limited specific activity, or radioactive material for which limits of estimated average specific activity apply. External shielding materials surrounding the LSA material shall not be considered in determining the estimated average specific activity. IAEA Low toxicity alpha emitters Low toxicity alpha emitters are: natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium, uranium-235 or uranium-238, thorium-232, thorium-228 and thorium-230 when contained in ores or physical and chemical concentrates; or alpha emitters with a half-life of less than 10 days. IAEA Management system Management system shall mean a set of interrelated or interacting elements (system) for establishing policies and objectives and enabling the objectives to be achieved in an efficient and effective manner. IAEA Marine Carrier Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by deep sea, coastal or feeder vessel. ILO Maritime container A container strong enough to be stacked in a cellular ship and to be top lifted UNECE Maximum gross the maximum permissible mass of cargo packed into a CTU combined with the mass of the CTU, also referred to as the rating and would normally be marked onto CTUs as appropriate. ILO Maximum normal operating pressure Maximum normal operating pressure shall mean the maximum pressure above atmospheric pressure at mean sea level that would develop in the containment system in a period of one year under the conditions of temperature and solar radiation corresponding to environmental conditions in the absence of venting, external cooling by an ancillary system, or operational controls during transport. IAEA Maximum payload the maximum permissible mass of cargo to be packed into or onto a CTU. It is the difference between the maximum gross mass or rating and the tare weight, which are normally marked on CTUs as appropriate; ILO Multimodal refers to CTUs that are designed for use on more than one mode of transport ILO Multimodal transport Carriage of goods by two or more modes of transport UNECE Multimodal transport operator (MTO) Any person who concludes a multimodal transport contract and assumes the whole responsibility for the performance thereof as a carrier or a transport operator. UNECE NVOCC Non Vessel Operating Common Carriers: A company that ships goods on behalf of a client, especially internationally, but that does not own its own ships or airplanes. It operates much like any other carrier, issuing its own bills of lading or air waybills. ILO Non Vessel Operating Container Carrier: A company that ships goods on behalf of a client, especially internationally, but that does not own its own ships or airplanes but does own or operate a number of container for shipping FCL or LCL cargoes for third party shippers. Over Panamax See Post Panamax UNECE Overloaded A container where the combined mass of the cargo and the container is greater than the maximum gross mass shown on the safety approval plate. ILO Overpack Overpack shall mean an enclosure used by a single consignor to contain one or more packages and to form one unit for convenience of handling and stowage during transport. IAEA Overpack Overpack shall mean an enclosure used by a single consignor to contain one or more packages and to form one unit for convenience of handling and stowage during transport. IAEA Overpack an enclosure used by a single shipper to contain one or more packages and to form one unit for convenience of handling and stowage during transport. ILO Examples of overpacks are a number of packages either: placed or stacked on to a load board such as a pallet and secured by strapping, shrink-wrapping, stretch-wrapping or other suitable means; or placed in a protective outer packaging such as a box or crate; Overweight A container where the combined mass of the cargo and the container is less than the maximum gross mass shown on the safety approval plate but exceeds either: ILO The maximum gross mass shown on the shipping manifest the road or rail maximum masses when combined with the tare of the container carrying vehicle. Package Package shall mean the complete product of the packing operation, consisting of the packaging and its contents prepared for transport. The types of package covered by these Regulations that are subject to the activity limits and material restrictions of Section IV and meet the corresponding requirements are: IAEA

(a) 	Excepted package; 	
(b) 	Industrial package Type 1 (Type IP-1);	
(c) 	Industrial package Type 2 (Type IP-2);	
(d) 	Industrial package Type 3 (Type IP-3);	
(e) 	Type A package;	

(f) Type B(U) package; (g) Type B(M) package; (h) Type C package. Packages containing fissile material or uranium hexafluoride are subject to additional requirements. Packages the complete product of the packing operation, consisting of the packaging and its contents as prepared for transport; ILO Packaging receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacle to perform its containment function IMO Packaging Packaging shall mean one or more receptacles and any other components or materials necessary for the receptacles to perform the containment and other safety functions. IAEA Packer the party that places the goods within the container, trailer or packaging. ILO Packing the stowage, securing and verification of the mass of packaged and/or unitized or overpacked cargoes into CTUs. ILO Packing the packing of packaged and/or unitized or overpacked cargoes into CTUs IMO Pallet A raised platform, normally made of wood, facilitating the handling of goods. Pallets are of standard dimensions. The most used in Europe are 1000 mm x 1200 mm (ISO) and 800 mm x 1200 mm (CEN). UNECE Pallet a term used for a load-carrying platform onto which loose cargo is stacked before being placed inside a container. It is designed to be moved easily by fork-lift trucks. ILO Panamax Ship with dimensions that allow it to pass through the Panama canal: maximum length 295 m, maximum beam overall 32.25 m, maximum draught 13.50 m. UNECE Piggy back Transport of road vehicles on rail wagons Pocket wagon A rail wagon with a recessed pocket to accept the axle/wheel assembly of a semi trailer. UNECE Post Panamax Ship with at least one dimension greater than Panamax. UNECE Principal A person for whom another acts as an agent UNECE Private siding Direct rail connection to a company UNECE Radiation level Radiation level shall mean the corresponding dose rate IAEA Radiation protection programme Radiation protection programme shall mean systematic arrangements that are aimed at providing adequate consideration of radiation protection measures. IAEA Radioactive contents Radioactive contents shall mean the radioactive material together with any contaminated or activated solids, liquids and gases within the packaging. IAEA Radioactive material Radioactive material shall mean any material containing radionuclides where both the activity concentration and the total activity in the consignment exceed the values specified in paras 402–407. IAEA Rail loading gauge The profile through which a rail vehicle and its loads (wagons - ITUs) must pass, taking into account tunnels and track-side obstacles UNECE Reach stacker Tractor vehicle with front equipment for lifting, stacking or moving. UNECE Reefer Industry term for a temperature-controlled container. Inside each one is a complex system of coils, wires and electrical fittings, which are managed by a computer that controls everything from the temperature and humidity to ventilation and gas levels, all working to prevent the deterioration of fresh food or other sensitive goods over long distances and periods of time. ILO Responsible person a person appointed by a shore-side employer who is empowered to take all decisions relating to his/her specific task, having the necessary current knowledge and experience for that purpose, and who, where required, is suitably certificated or otherwise recognized by the regulatory authority; ILO Road – rail transport Combined transport by rail and road. UNECE Road train A motor vehicle coupled to a trailer (sometimes referred to in English as a drawbar-trailer combination). UNECE ROLA Roll on - Roll off trains. Similar to a piggyback train but the entire road vehicle, tractor unit and trailer, is driven on and off special rail wagons. ILO Roll on – roll off (RO-RO) Loading and unloading of a road vehicle, a wagon or an ITU on or off a ship on its own wheels or wheels attached to it for that purpose. In the case of rolling road, only road vehicles are driven on and off a train. UNECE Roll on – roll off (RO-RO) Roll on - Roll off. Loading and unloading of a road vehicle, a wagon or an ITU on or off a ship on its own wheels or wheels attached to it for that purpose. In the case of rolling road, only road vehicles are driven on and off a train. ILO Rolling road Transport of complete road vehicles, using roll-on roll-off techniques, on trains comprising low-floor wagons throughout UNECE Rolling road wagon A rail wagon with low floor throughout which, when coupled together, form a rolling-road UNECE RO-RO ramp A flat or inclined ramp, usually adjustable, which enables road vehicles to be driven onto or off a ship or a rail wagon UNECE Safety approval plate A plate permanently affixed to every approved container at a readily visible place, adjacent to any other approval plate issued for official purposes, where it cannot be easily damaged. The safety approval plate may be combined together with other official plates but all must show: ILO The words "CSC Safety Approval Plate" The country of approval and approval reference Date (month and year) of manufacture the manufacturer's identification number Maximum operating gross mass Allowable stacking mass for 1.8g Transverse racking test load also known at the CSC Plate Semi Trailer A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. A large proportion of the combined mass of the trailer and its load is supported by a road tractor, by a detachable front axle assembly known as a dolly, or by the tail of another trailer. A semi-trailer is normally equipped with landing gear (legs which can be lowered) to support it when it is uncoupled. ILO Semi-trailer A non-powered vehicle for the carriage of goods, intended to be coupled to a motor vehicle in such a way that a substantial part of its weight and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle. Semi-trailers may have to be specially adapted for use in combined transport. UNECE Sender See Consignor UNECE Ship a seagoing or non-seagoing watercraft, including those used on inland waters: ILO Shipment Shipment shall mean the specific movement of a consignment from origin to destination. IAEA Shipper See Consignor UNECE Shipper any person or organization paying for its cargo to be shipped from one place to another. ILO Short sea maritime route between two or more coastal ports normally undertaken by small coastal ships or barges. ILO Short sea shipping Movement of cargo by sea between ports situated in Europe as well as between ports in Europe and ports situated in non-European countries having a coastline on the enclosed seas bordering Europe. UNECE Shunting the operation when single railway wagons or groups of railway wagons are pushed to run against each other and be coupled together; ILO Skeletal trailer A skeletal trailer composed of a simple chassis comprising of longitudinal main beams, rolling gear and container support (transverse) beams for the mounting of an intermodal container, sometimes known as a Chassis. ILO Special arrangement Special arrangement shall mean those provisions, approved by the competent authority, under which consignments that do not satisfy all the applicable requirements of these Regulations may be transported. IAEA Special form radioactive material Special form radioactive material shall mean either an indispersible solid radioactive material or a sealed capsule containing radioactive material. IAEA Specific activity Specific activity of a radionuclide shall mean the activity per unit mass of that nuclide. The specific activity of a material shall mean the activity per unit mass of the material in which the radionuclides are essentially uniformly distributed. IAEA Spine wagon A rail wagon with a central chassis designed to carry a semi-trailer UNECE Spreader Adjustable fitting on lifting equipment designed to connect with the upper corner fittings of an ITU.

Many spreaders have in addition grappler arms that engage the bottom side rails of an ITU. UNECE Stacking Storage or carriage of ITUs on top of each other. UNECE Stowage the positioning of packages, IBCs, containers, swap-bodies, tank-containers, vehicles or other CTUs on board ships, in warehouses and sheds or in other areas such as terminals; ILO Straddle carrier A rubber-tyred overhead lifting vehicle for moving or stacking containers on a level reinforced surface. UNECE Stripping Unloading of cargo from an ITU. UNECE Stuffing Loading of cargo into an ITU UNECE Stuffing the act of packing goods within a container or trailer. ILO Super high cube container Container exceeding ISO dimensions. These dimensions vary and may include, for example, lengths of 45' (13.72 m), 48' (14.64 m), or 53' (16.10 m). UNECE Surface contaminated object Surface contaminated object (SCO) shall mean a solid object that is not itself radioactive but which has radioactive material distributed on its surface. IAEA Swap body A freight carrying unit optimised to road vehicle dimensions and fitted with handling devices for transfer between modes, usually road/rail. UNECE Swap-body a CTU not permanently attached to an under¬frame and wheels or to a chassis and wheels, with at least four twistlock that take into account ISO standard 1161:1984. A swap-body need not be stackable but is usually equipped with support legs, designed especially for combined road-rail transport; ILO Tank Tank shall mean a portable tank (including a tank container), a road tank vehicle, a rail tank wagon or a receptacle that contains solids, liquids, or gases, having a capacity of not less than 450 L when used for the transport of gases. IAEA Tare Weight of ITU or vehicle without cargo UNECE Tare mass / weight The mass of the empty container including permanently affixed ancillary equipment. ILO Terminal A place equipped for the transhipment and storage of ITUs. UNECE TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit. A standard unit based on an ISO container of 20 feet length (6.10 m), used as a statistical measure of traffic flows or capacities.

One standard 40' ISO Series I container equals 2 TEUs UNECE Through or into Through or into shall mean through or into the countries in which a consignment is transported but specifically excludes countries over which a consignment is carried by air, provided that there are no scheduled stops in those countries. IAEA Track gauge The distance between the internal sides of rails on a railway line. It is generally 1.435 m.

Other gauges are generally used in some European countries: for instance, 1.676 m in Spain and Portugal, 1.524 m in the Russian Federation. UNECE Trailer A non-powered vehicle for the carriage of goods, intended to be coupled to a motor vehicle, excluding semi-trailers. UNECE Trailer any road vehicle without a motive power unit, and includes semi-trailers, semi-trailers with front axle dollies, full trailers and drawbar trailers. ILO Transhipment Moving ITUs from one means of transport to another. UNECE Transport movement of cargo by one or more modes of transport; ILO Transport The movement of cargo by one or more modes of transport IMO Transport index Transport index (TI) assigned to a package, overpack or freight container, or to unpackaged LSA-I or SCO-I, shall mean a number that is used to provide control over radiation exposure. IAEA Transport operator The person responsible for the carriage of goods, either directly or using a third party. UNECE Twenty Foot Equivalent unit (teu) A standard unit based on an ISO container of twenty feet length (6.10m), used as a statistical measure of traffic flow or capacity. ILO Twistlock Standard mechanism on handling equipment which engages and locks into the corner fittings of ITU; also used on ships and vehicles to fix ITUs. UNECE Twistlock A twistlock and corner casting together form a standardised rotating connector for securing shipping containers. The primary uses are for locking a container into place on container ship, semi-trailer truck or railway container train; and for lifting of the containers by container cranes and sidelifters. ILO Unaccompanied combined transport Transport of a road vehicle or an intermodal transport unit (ITU, see 4.1), not accompanied by the driver, using another mode of transport (for example a ferry or a train). UNECE Unirradiated thorium Unirradiated thorium shall mean thorium containing not more than 10-7 g of uranium-233 per gram of thorium-232. IAEA Unirradiated uranium Unirradiated uranium shall mean uranium containing not more than 2 × 103 Bq of plutonium per gram of uranium-235, not more than 9 × 106 Bq of fission products per gram of uranium-235 and not more than 5 × 10–3 g of uranium-236 per gram of uranium-235. IAEA Unit load Palletised load or prepacked unit with a footprint conforming to pallet dimensions and suitable for loading into an ITU UNECE Unit load a number of packages that are: ILO placed or stacked on and secured by strapping, shrink¬-wrapping or other suitable means to a load board such as a pallet; or placed in a protective outer enclosure such as a pallet box; or permanently secured together in a sling; Unpacking the removal of cargo from CTUs. ILO Vehicle Vehicle shall mean a road vehicle (including an articulated vehicle, i.e. a tractor and semi-trailer combination), railroad car or railway wagon. Each trailer shall be considered as a separate vehicle. IAEA Vehicle a road vehicle or railway freight wagon, permanently attached to an underframe and wheels or to a chassis and wheels, which is loaded and unloaded as a unit. It also includes a trailer or similar mobile unit except those used solely for the purposes of loading and unloading. ILO Vessel Vessel shall mean any seagoing vessel or inland waterway craft used for carrying cargo. IAEA Vessel another word for a boat or ship. Container ships are sometimes referred to as vessels. ILO

Abbreviations

AAPA	American Association of Port Authorities
AAPMA	Australian Association of Port and Maritime Authorities
AAR	Association of American Railroads